Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: The level of TLR2 gradually increases in different regions of pPD. ( A ) TLR2 levels in the substantia nigra of pPD were detected by ELISA. ( B ) TLR2 levels in the hippocampus of pPD were detected by ELISA. ( C ) TLR2 levels in the olfactory bulb of pPD were detected by ELISA. ( D ) TLR2 levels in the colon of pPD were detected by ELISA. (n=3; compared with the control group, *** P <0.001; compared with the 10 μg/4 μL group, ### P <0.001; compared with the 13 μg/4 μL group, ΔΔΔ P <0.001).

Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies specific to TLR2 (#bs-1019R, Bioss, 1:1000), MyD88 (#bs-1047R, Bioss, 1:1000), p-NF-κB-p65 (#bs-7343R, Bioss, 1:1000), NLRP3 (#bs-41293R, Bioss, 1:1000), caspase-1 (#bsm-52441R, Bioss, 1:1000), IL-1β (#bs-0812R, Bioss, 1:1000), and GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Bioss, 1:1000), followed by incubation with an IgG secondary antibody (#bs-10900R, Bioss, 1:5000) for 1 hour in the dark.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Olfactory, Control

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA can inhibit the activation of microglia in the pPD stage mediated by TLR2. ( A and B ) Immunofluorescence co-localization was used to detect the co-localization area of TLR2 in substantia nigra and the surface marker Iba-1 of microglia (magnification ×200, scale bar 50 μm). ( C ) HE staining of substantia nigra, yellow arrows indicate neuronal necrosis, and black arrows indicate inflammatory infiltration.(n=3; compared with the control group, *** P <0.001; compared with the model group, ### P <0.001).

Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies specific to TLR2 (#bs-1019R, Bioss, 1:1000), MyD88 (#bs-1047R, Bioss, 1:1000), p-NF-κB-p65 (#bs-7343R, Bioss, 1:1000), NLRP3 (#bs-41293R, Bioss, 1:1000), caspase-1 (#bsm-52441R, Bioss, 1:1000), IL-1β (#bs-0812R, Bioss, 1:1000), and GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Bioss, 1:1000), followed by incubation with an IgG secondary antibody (#bs-10900R, Bioss, 1:5000) for 1 hour in the dark.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Staining, Control

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA can inhibit the activation of microglia in the pPD stage mediated by TLR2. ( A ) Western blot detection of TLR2 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( B ) Western blot detection of MyD88 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( C ) Western blot detection of p-NF-κB-p65 expression in the substantia nigra. ( D ) Western blot detection of NLRP3 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( E ) Western blot detection of Caspase-1 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( F ) Western blot detection of GSDMD protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( G ) Western blot detection of IL-1β protein expression in the substantia nigra. (n=6; compared with the control group, *** P <0.001; compared with the model group, ### P <0.001, ## P <0.01, # P <0.05).

Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies specific to TLR2 (#bs-1019R, Bioss, 1:1000), MyD88 (#bs-1047R, Bioss, 1:1000), p-NF-κB-p65 (#bs-7343R, Bioss, 1:1000), NLRP3 (#bs-41293R, Bioss, 1:1000), caspase-1 (#bsm-52441R, Bioss, 1:1000), IL-1β (#bs-0812R, Bioss, 1:1000), and GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Bioss, 1:1000), followed by incubation with an IgG secondary antibody (#bs-10900R, Bioss, 1:5000) for 1 hour in the dark.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA intervention affects the expression of TLR2 in different regions of pPD, inhibits microglial activation, regulates the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and suppresses pyroptosis of microglia.

Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies specific to TLR2 (#bs-1019R, Bioss, 1:1000), MyD88 (#bs-1047R, Bioss, 1:1000), p-NF-κB-p65 (#bs-7343R, Bioss, 1:1000), NLRP3 (#bs-41293R, Bioss, 1:1000), caspase-1 (#bsm-52441R, Bioss, 1:1000), IL-1β (#bs-0812R, Bioss, 1:1000), and GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Bioss, 1:1000), followed by incubation with an IgG secondary antibody (#bs-10900R, Bioss, 1:5000) for 1 hour in the dark.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay

Journal: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2026.101284

Figure Lengend Snippet: LPS and flagellin induce DNA double-strand breaks in breast acini in a TLR-dependent manner. A. Representative comet images from neutral comet assays performed on 3D cultures of breast acini treated with vehicle (control), 1 μg/ml LPS, 1 μg/ml LTA, and 10 ng/ml flagellin for 72 h. Bleomycin (BLM; 20 mU/ml; 2h) was used as positive control. B. Comet assay quantification. n=300 acini from 3 biological replicates. C. Representative images for immunofluorescence staining of 53BP1 (red) in acini treated with MAMPs ± TLR inhibitors. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). D-F. Quantification of 53BP1 foci numbers in acini treated with LPS ± TLR4 inhibitor (D), with LTA ± TLR2 inhibitor (E) or with flagellin ± TLR5 inhibitor (F). ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Article Snippet: For TLR blockade, cells were pre-treated for 1 h with 5 μg/ml of TLR4 neutralizing antibody (InvivoGen; mabg-htlr4), TLR2 neutralizing antibody (InvivoGen; maba2-htlr2-2), or TLR5 neutralizing antibody (InvivoGen; maba2-htlr5).

Techniques: Control, Positive Control, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2026.101284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blockade of TLR4 and TLR5 mitigates DNA damage in the mammary glands. A. Schematic of the experiment. B-D-F. Representative images for TLR2 (B), TLR4 (D), and TLR5 (F) IHC signals in mammary glands of mice treated with saline, mismatch morpholino (MM) and the corresponding TLR morpholino (TLR M). Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Image analysis and quantification of TLR2/4/5-DAB positive areas is shown in the graphs (C,E,G). H. Representative comet images of the neutral comet assay performed on mammary cells treated with vehicle, MM, and TLR morpholinos. I. Quantification of comet assay results for the aforementioned mice groups. ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

Article Snippet: For TLR blockade, cells were pre-treated for 1 h with 5 μg/ml of TLR4 neutralizing antibody (InvivoGen; mabg-htlr4), TLR2 neutralizing antibody (InvivoGen; maba2-htlr2-2), or TLR5 neutralizing antibody (InvivoGen; maba2-htlr5).

Techniques: Saline, Neutral Comet Assay, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Protective effect of Zymosan-A against radiation-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in a murine model

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115027

Figure Lengend Snippet: The TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in the radioprotective effect of Zymosan-A (A) Heatmap of differential gene expression between wild-type mice and Zymosan-A mice. (B) Scatterplot of differently expressed genes in ovary tissue after Zymosan-A treatment. Each dot stands for a gene. Red and green color dots indicate an increase or decrease, respectively. (C) Pathway enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways within the core network. (D) RNA level to verify the expression of DEGs, including TLR2, CCL3, CCL5, AKT1, MYD88, and IκBκB. (E) The expression of TLR2-NF-κB pathway-related proteins. (F) The serum E2 level, AMH level, FSH level, and LH level were measured at TLR2 KO + IR + NS group and TLR2 KO + IR + Zymosan-A group. (G) The cell viability in siTLR2 + NS + IR group and siTLR2 + Zymosan-A + IR group (error bars represent the mean ± SD of independent experiments; N.S., no statistical difference, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; n = 3).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: TLR2 (Cat no: 17236-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), BCL-2 (Cat no: 60178-1-Ig, 1:1000, Proteintech), BAX (Cat no: 60267-1-Ig, 1:1000, Proteintech), PCNA (Cat no: 13110, 1:1000, CST), Cleaved Caspase-3 (Cat no: 9661, 1:1000, CST) and GAPDH (Cat no:5174, 1:1000, CST), p -IKKα/β (Cat no: 2697, 1:1000, CST), p-P65 (Cat no: 3033, 1:1000, CST), TLR2 (Cat no: 66645-1-Ig, 1:1000, Proteintech), Myd88 (Cat no: 50010, 1:1000, CST).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: The level of TLR2 gradually increases in different regions of pPD. ( A ) TLR2 levels in the substantia nigra of pPD were detected by ELISA. ( B ) TLR2 levels in the hippocampus of pPD were detected by ELISA. ( C ) TLR2 levels in the olfactory bulb of pPD were detected by ELISA. ( D ) TLR2 levels in the colon of pPD were detected by ELISA. (n=3; compared with the control group, *** P <0.001; compared with the 10 μg/4 μL group, ### P <0.001; compared with the 13 μg/4 μL group, ΔΔΔ P <0.001).

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the primary antibodies—TLR2 (#bs-10472R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200) or GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200)—were applied, and the sections were incubated at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Olfactory, Control

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA can inhibit the activation of microglia in the pPD stage mediated by TLR2. ( A and B ) Immunofluorescence co-localization was used to detect the co-localization area of TLR2 in substantia nigra and the surface marker Iba-1 of microglia (magnification ×200, scale bar 50 μm). ( C ) HE staining of substantia nigra, yellow arrows indicate neuronal necrosis, and black arrows indicate inflammatory infiltration.(n=3; compared with the control group, *** P <0.001; compared with the model group, ### P <0.001).

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the primary antibodies—TLR2 (#bs-10472R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200) or GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200)—were applied, and the sections were incubated at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Staining, Control

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA can inhibit the activation of microglia in the pPD stage mediated by TLR2. ( A ) Western blot detection of TLR2 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( B ) Western blot detection of MyD88 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( C ) Western blot detection of p-NF-κB-p65 expression in the substantia nigra. ( D ) Western blot detection of NLRP3 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( E ) Western blot detection of Caspase-1 protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( F ) Western blot detection of GSDMD protein expression in the substantia nigra. ( G ) Western blot detection of IL-1β protein expression in the substantia nigra. (n=6; compared with the control group, *** P <0.001; compared with the model group, ### P <0.001, ## P <0.01, # P <0.05).

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the primary antibodies—TLR2 (#bs-10472R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200) or GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200)—were applied, and the sections were incubated at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Electroacupuncture Inhibits the Early Neuroinflammatory Cascade Triggered by TLR2 in the Prodromal Period of PD

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S585729

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA intervention affects the expression of TLR2 in different regions of pPD, inhibits microglial activation, regulates the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and suppresses pyroptosis of microglia.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the primary antibodies—TLR2 (#bs-10472R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200) or GSDMD (#bs-14287R, Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1:200)—were applied, and the sections were incubated at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay